Structural racism in Brazil has systemically hindered access to the right to equal and quality public education by black, quilombola and indigenous students. The quality of education that children receive in Brazil is deeply segmented by racial and socioeconomic status. And, today, it is identified that the gaps between white children and black, quilombola and indigenous children, in all basic education indicators, are persistent and more serious for young people aged 11 to 17. Black, quilombola and indigenous children and young people are the most likely to drop out of school, have higher exclusion rates and have lower educational levels. Therefore, they are assigned the less prestigious and lower-paying jobs as adults. Meanwhile, white students internalize the racial inequities they are exposed to in schools and replicate them as adults. When looking at learning indicators, it is also concluded that there are not only more barriers to accessing school for black, quilombola and indigenous children, but that once at school, these children are less likely to access quality education.